Audio Mixers and Mixing Consoles

Counting channels and checking the inputs

A channel is one strip of controls for one source. Count what must play at once, such as microphones, keyboards and laptop playback, then leave a few spare. Microphone channels have XLR inputs with preamps and often 48 V phantom power for condenser microphones; line channels take 6.35 mm jacks or RCA from keyboards and players. A stereo channel counts as two inputs on one strip. Listings show inputs such as XLR, USB, 3.5 mm and Bluetooth, so read the input list, not just the channel total.

Power source, USB audio and the covers sold beside the mixers

Small mixers can run from USB or batteries, which suits podcasting, streaming and field recording; larger consoles need an AC adapter or built-in power supply. A mixer with a USB audio connection can send its output to a computer, but check how many channels it passes, as some send only a stereo pair. Live-sound mixers may add effects and auxiliary sends for stage monitors. Dust covers, bags and rack kits are cut for particular models, so match the model name exactly.

Questions about Audio Mixers and Mixing Consoles

When is a mixer better than an audio interface?

Choose a mixer when you must balance several live sources, send separate monitor mixes, or feed a PA. For recording one or two sources to a computer, an interface is enough. Many USB mixers can also act as an interface.

What does phantom power do?

It sends 48 V down the XLR cable to power condenser microphones. Dynamic microphones do not need it, and some ribbon microphones can be damaged by it, so leave it off unless the microphone calls for it.

How many channels do I need for a small band?

Count every microphone and instrument that must be heard at once. A duo with vocals and two instruments needs about four channels, and each drum microphone adds one more. Leave a few spare for a playback source or a new member.