MIDI Controllers and Interfaces

Controller types: keys, pads, knobs or sequencer

A MIDI controller makes no sound itself; it sends notes and control data to software or a hardware sound source. Keyboards play melodies and chords, velocity-sensitive pads suit drums and samples, and knobs and faders can be mapped to software parameters. Some units are sequencers that arrange patterns instead of keys. Listings here also include audio interfaces and expansion cards. The key count, from compact 25 to full 88, sets the playing range, so match it to the parts you play.

Which cable carries what: USB, 5-pin DIN and audio

Most modern controllers connect by USB and are powered from the computer, usually without driver installation. Older hardware synths use 5-pin DIN sockets, so a MIDI interface converts between the two. An audio interface is different: it carries sound, not notes, though many include MIDI ports too. Check whether a unit is MIDI only, audio only or both, and whether a cable or card in the listing fits your device model.

Questions about MIDI Controllers and Interfaces

Does a MIDI controller make sound by itself?

No. It sends instructions such as which key you pressed and how hard. You need a computer with software instruments, a hardware synth or a sound module to hear anything.

How do I connect an older synthesizer with 5-pin MIDI sockets?

Look for MIDI In and MIDI Out on the synthesizer. A controller or interface with DIN outputs connects with a cable from its MIDI Out to the synth's MIDI In. A USB-only controller needs a computer with a MIDI interface, or a USB MIDI host box, to talk to it.

Is a MIDI interface the same as an audio interface?

No. A MIDI interface carries note and control data between devices; an audio interface converts sound for microphones, instruments and speakers. Some audio interfaces also have MIDI in and out, which saves buying both.